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If the voltage is in between the thresholds, the returning value will be undefined.

When connecting a component to a digital pin, make sure that the logic levels match. See Also L293D Pin Diagram, Working and Interfacing of L293D with Arduino Arduino Nano Tutorial – Pinout & Schematics - Arduino Nano Pinout, Board Layout, Specifications, Pin Description Arduino Nano Guide (Pinout, Specifications, Examples) - NerdyTechy Always make sure that all GNDs (of the Arduino, peripherals and components) are connected to one another and have a common ground. The GND pins are used to close the electrical circuit and provide a common logic reference level throughout your circuit.

In the Arduino Uno pinout, you can find 5 GND pins, which are all interconnected. They provide regulated 5 and 3.3v to power external components according to manufacturer specifications. When powering your circuit through the barrel jack or VIN, the maximum capacity available is determined by the 5 and 3.3 volts regulators on-board the Arduino. Take into consideration that this is also used for powering the MCU, its peripherals, the on-board regulators, and the components connected to it. For instance, powering the circuit using the USB limits you to 500mA.

The power source you use determines the power you have available for your circuit. There is a polarity protection diode connecting between the positive of the barrel jack to the VIN pin, rated at 1 Ampere.